Furthermore, these abnormal OCT-A parameters have not been demonstrated to be associated with visual acuity, raising questions regarding the clinical significance of these findings in amblyopia. 11 - 16 However, because of heterogenous study designs and the presence of several confounders of OCT-A, 17 - 19 the results have been inconsistent. ![]() Several studies using OCT-A in children have reported abnormal microvasculature in amblyopic eyes compared with normal controls. With the increased availability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), detailed microvascular networks can now be quantified quickly and noninvasively. ![]() 8 - 10 Up to now, the exact nature and structural functional correlation of retinal microvasculature involvement in amblyopia has not been well defined. 4 - 7 Recent studies have started to look into the involvement of the retina in the development of amblyopia with evaluations of retinal nerve fiber layer, macular and choroidal thickness, and ganglion cell complex thickness with intriguing yet inconsistent results. 1 - 3 Strabismus, anisometropia, and visual deprivation are common risk factors of amblyopia thought to result in functional and morphological effects on the visual cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus. Such changes as measured by OCT-A metrics are associated with visual acuity, inferring retinal involvement in the development of amblyopia and suggesting a potential role of quantitative OCT-A metrics in the diagnosis and recognition of amblyopia.Īmblyopia is one of the most commonly encountered ophthalmic conditions in children, with the population-based prevalence ranging from 0.5% to 3.5%. LogMAR visual acuity was associated with FAZ circularity (sβ, −0.133 P < .001) and vessel diameter index (sβ, 0.097 P = .001) but not with vessel density nor FAZ area.Ĭonclusions and Relevance The results of this population-based study in children supports the presence of macular microvascular abnormalities in amblyopic eyes. A difference was not identified between FAZ area and vessel density. Results There were 30 participants with amblyopia (mean age, 7.57 years 16 girls ) and 1045 controls (mean age, 7.65 years 580 girls ) in this cohort. Main Outcomes and Measures Differences in OCT-A metric (foveal avascular zone ) area, FAZ circularity, vessel density, vessel diameter index, and fractal dimension between amblyopic and nonamblyopic eyes. Data analysis was conducted from September to November 2018. A multivariable linear regression was conducted to evaluate the differences in OCT-A metrics between amblyopic and nonamblyopic eyes after adjustment for all known confounders. ![]() Macular microvasculature of the superficial capillary plexus was quantified by a customized automated image analysis program. All participants underwent OCT-A with a swept-source OCT and detailed ophthalmic investigations. Objective To assess changes in quantitative OCT-A metrics in amblyopic eyes and explore their association with visual acuity in children.ĭesign, Setting, and Participants This population-based nested case-control study included children aged 6 to 8 years who were consecutively recruited between January 2016 and July 2017 from the population-based Hong Kong Children Eye Study (HKCES) at the Chinese University of Hong Kong Eye Centre. Importance Microvascular abnormalities in amblyopia are becoming evident with high-resolution imaging, such as optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) however, to our knowledge, the clinical significance and use of these findings are unknown.
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